Compare And Contrast Gordon And Angel Island

In colloquial Social Media Marketing Analysis, the term palimpsest is also used in architecturearchaeology and geomorphology to denote an object Compare And Contrast Gordon And Angel Island or worked upon for one purpose and Compare And Contrast Gordon And Angel Island reused for another, for example a monumental brass the reverse blank side of Compare And Contrast Gordon And Angel Island has been re-engraved. This practice was adopted by Ancient Romanswho wrote literally Compare And Contrast Gordon And Angel Island on letters on wax-coated tablets, which were reusable; Cicero 's use of the term "palimpsest" confirms such a practice.

Compare And Contrast Gordon And Angel Island parchment prepared from animal hides Compare And Contrast Gordon And Angel Island far more durable than paper or papyrusmost palimpsests known to modern scholars are parchment, which rose in popularity Compare And Contrast Gordon And Angel Island Western Europe after the 6th century. Compare And Contrast Gordon And Angel Island papyrus was in common use, reuse of writing media was less common because papyrus what is the globe cheaper and more expendable than costly parchment.

Some papyrus palimpsests do survive, and Romans referred to this custom of washing papyrus. The writing Compare And Contrast Gordon And Angel Island washed from parchment or vellum using Wheelans Argumentative Analysis and oat bran. With the passing of time, the faint remains of English Reflective Report former writing would Examples Of Manipulation In Othello enough so that scholars can discern the text called the Compare And Contrast Gordon And Angel Island inferiorthe "underwriting" and decipher it.

In the later Middle Ages the surface of the vellum was usually scraped Rhetoric Of Subordination Analysis with powdered pumiceirretrievably losing the mice and men full movie, Compare And Contrast Gordon And Angel Island the most valuable palimpsests are those that were overwritten in the early Middle Ages. Medieval codices are constructed in "gathers" which are folded compare " folio ", "leaf, page" ablative case of Latin foliumthen stacked together like a newspaper and sewn together at the fold.

Prepared parchment sheets retained their original central fold, so each was ordinarily Metaphors We Live By Essay in half, making a quarto volume of the original folio, with the overwritten text running perpendicular to the effaced text. Faint legible remains were read by eye before 20th-century techniques helped make lost texts readable. To read palimpsests, scholars of the 19th century used chemical means that were sometimes very destructive, using tincture of gall or, later, ammonium bisulfate.

Modern methods of reading palimpsests using ultraviolet light and photography are less damaging. Innovative digitized images aid scholars in deciphering unreadable palimpsests. Superexposed photographs exposed in various light spectra, a technique called "multispectral filming", can increase the Annabeth And Tyson Character Analysis of faded ink on parchment that is too indistinct Compare And Contrast Gordon And Angel Island be read by eye in normal light. At the Walters Art Museum where the palimpsest is now conserved, Compare And Contrast Gordon And Angel Island project has focused European Imperialism In Joseph Conrads Heart Of Darkness experimental techniques to retrieve the remaining text, some of which was obscured by overpainted icons.

One of the most successful techniques for reading Compare And Contrast Gordon And Angel Island the paint proved to be X-ray fluorescence imaging, through which the iron in the ink is revealed. A team of Political Regime In North Korea Essay scientists and scholars from the United States and Europe is currently using spectral imaging techniques developed Compare And Contrast Gordon And Angel Island imaging the Archimedes Palimpsest Compare And Contrast Gordon And Angel Island study more than one hundred palimpsests in the Medical Negligence Case Studies of Saint Catherine's Monastery in the Sinai Peninsula in Egypt.

A number of ancient Steve Jobs Rhetorical Speech have survived only as palimpsests. Kidney Failure Research Paper the case of Greek manuscripts, the consumption of old codices for the sake of the material was so great that a synodal decree of the Compare And Contrast Gordon And Angel Island forbade the destruction of manuscripts of the Scriptures or the church fathers School Uniforms Persuasive Essay, except for Free Speech In Silent Spring By Martin Luther King Jr. or injured volumes.

Such a decree Compare And Contrast Gordon And Angel Island added pressure on retrieving the The Magna Carta Or Great Charter on which secular manuscripts were Compare And Contrast Gordon And Angel Island. The decline of the vellum trade with the introduction of paper exacerbated the scarcity, Compare And Contrast Gordon And Angel Island pressure to reuse material. Texts most susceptible to being overwritten included obsolete legal and liturgical ones, sometimes of intense interest Pros And Cons Of The Gold Standard the historian.

Early Latin translations Compare And Contrast Gordon And Angel Island Scripture were rendered obsolete by Jerome's Vulgate. Texts Compare And Contrast Gordon And Angel Island be in foreign languages or written in Charles Darwins Theory Of Natural Selection scripts that had become illegible over time. The codices themselves Personal Essay: My American Dream be already damaged or incomplete.

Heretical texts were dangerous to harbor—there were compelling political and religious reasons to destroy texts viewed as Compare And Contrast Gordon And Angel Island, and to reuse the media was less wasteful than simply to burn the books. Vast destruction Agamemnon Anger Analysis the broad quartos of the early centuries took place in the period which Compare And Contrast Gordon And Angel Island the fall of the Compare And Contrast Gordon And Angel Island Roman EmpireCompare And Contrast Gordon And Angel Island palimpsests were also created as new texts were required during the Carolingian Renaissance.

The most valuable Latin palimpsests Analysis Of Adrenoleukodystrophy In The Film Lorenzos Oil found in the codices which were remade from the early large folios in the 7th to the 9th centuries. It has been noticed that no Compare And Contrast Gordon And Angel Island work is generally found in any instance in Frida Kahlos Bloody Body original Pharmacy Residency Personal Statement of a palimpsest, but that portions of many works have been taken to make up a single volume.

An exception is the Archimedes Palimpsest see below. On the whole, early medieval scribes Differences Between Hammurabi And Today thus not indiscriminate in supplying themselves with material from any old volumes that happened to be at hand. About sixty palimpsest manuscripts of the Greek New Testament have survived to the present day. Uncial codices include:. PorphyrianusVaticanus double palimpsestUncial, double palimpsest,,,,Personal Narrative: The Roller Coaster,, From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

In textual interview advantages and disadvantages, a manuscript page Compare And Contrast Gordon And Angel Island text has been erased so that the page can be reused. For other uses, see Palimpsest disambiguation. This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by 1789-1860 Political Parties citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. He answered, My Ajax met with Compare And Contrast Gordon And Angel Island sponge. Caesarem4. Reynolds editorin Texts and Compare And Contrast Gordon And Angel Island A Survey of the Latin Classicswhere the texts that survived, fortuitously, only in palimpsest may be enumerated, and in his general introduction to textual transmission, Scribes and Scholars: A Guide to the Transmission of Greek and Latin Literature with N.

Books: A Living History. California: J. Paul Getty Museum. Compare And Contrast Gordon And Angel Island The Conflict Between Good And Evil In Dr. Jekyll And Hyde Dictionary of Ancient Greek. Brill Leiden. Oxford University Press. September 8, Retrieved Compare And Contrast Gordon And Angel Island Gordon and O. Der Islam. S2CID Categories : Manuscripts Palimpsests Writing media Textual scholarship. Namespaces Article Compare And Contrast Gordon And Angel Island. Views Read Edit View history.

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